• 2 types of data: output, errors
• STDOUT, STDERR
• save output into a file >
  ls -al > mylist
• append output into a file >>
  ls -al >> mylist
• save errors into a file >
  ls -al 2> mylist
• append errors into a file >>
  ls -al 2>> mylist
• to discard output or errors, redirect to /dev/null
  ls -al /root 2> /dev/null
• to send DIRECTLY to another program: |
  ls -al | more
• send errors and output to the same place, add in a 2>&1
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